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bladder cancer treatment india

What is Bladder Cancer?

Bladder cancer refers to any of several types of malignant growths of the urinary bladder. It is a disease in which abnormal cells multiply without control in the bladder. The bladder is a hollow, muscular organ that stores urine; it is located in the pelvis. The most common type of bladder cancer begins in cells lining the inside of the bladder and is called transitional cell carcinoma (sometimes urothelial cell carcinoma). Most bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas (cancer that begins in cells that normally make up the inner lining of the bladder).

What are the Causes of Bladder Cancer?

We do not know exactly what causes bladder cancer; however, a number of carcinogens have been identified that are potential causes, especially in cigarette smoke. Research is focusing on conditions that alter the genetic structure of cells, causing abnormal cell reproduction. We do know that the following factors increase a person's risk of developing a bladder cancer:

  • Smoking: Smoking is the single greatest risk factor for bladder cancer. Smokers have more than twice the risk of developing bladder cancer as nonsmokers.
  • Chemical exposures at work: People who regularly work with certain chemicals or in certain industries have a greater risk of bladder cancer. Organic chemicals called aromatic amines present in dye industry are particularly linked with bladder cancer. Other industries prone to this include rubber and leather processing, textiles, hair coloring, paints, and printing.
  • Diet: People whose diets include large amounts of fried meats and animal fats are thought to be at higher risk of bladder cancer.
  • Aristolochia Fangchi: This herb is used in some dietary supplements and Chinese herbal remedies. People who took this herb as part of a weight loss program had higher rates of bladder cancer and kidney failure than the general population. Scientific studies on this herb have shown that it contains chemicals that can cause cancer in rats.
What are the Symptoms of Bladder Cancer?

A symptom is something the patient feels or reports, while a sign is something other people, including a doctor, may detect. For example, pain may be a symptom while a rash could be a sign. The most common signs and symptoms are:
  • Hematuria: Blood in urine (by far the most common symptom). It may appear Coca-Cola colored, or bright red in the urine. It could also appear in a microscopic examination of the urine.
  • More frequent urinations than usual
  • Urinary tract infection
  • Sudden urges to urinate
  • Pain when urinating; usually a burning sensation
The patient may also experience the following symptoms, but they are less common:
  • Pain in the pelvis
  • Back pain
  • Bone pain
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Swelling of the legs
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Bladder Cancer Treatment and Surgery India | Surgery Tours India

Cancer Treatment in India

What is Cancer?

Cancer is a medical term used to refer any one of a large number of diseases, characterized by the development of abnormal cells. Diseased cells grow and divide uncontrollably. They have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue. The disease also has the ability to spread throughout your body by the means of lymph systems and blood. Cancer cannot be specifically regarded as one disease rather it is made up of many diseases.

More than 100 types of cancers exist and are there that are named after the type of cell or organ from where they originate. The types of cancer can be categorized into different groups. Some of the major categories are:
  • Carcinoma: It is referred to a category of cancer originating in the human body tissues, in the skin or the tissue of internal organs. It can be further categorized into different subtypes that include basal cell carcinoma, transitional carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
  • Sarcoma: This category of cancer begins in fat, blood vessels, cartilage, bone, muscle or any other supportive or connective tissue, in cells outside the bone marrow.
  • Leukemia: This category of cancer originates in blood-forming tissue, which also includes bone marrow.
  • Myeloma and Lymphoma: This type of cancers starts from the cells of the immune system.
  • Germ cell tumor: This refers to cancers derived from pluripotent cells, most often presenting in the testicle or the ovary.
  • Blastoma: This category of cancers are derived from immature "predecessor" cells or embryonic tissue. Blastomas are more common in children than in older adults.

Causes of Cancer

Cancer is caused by changes (mutations) to the DNA within cells. The DNA inside a cell contains a set of instructions guiding the cell how to grow and divide. Any disruption in the instructions may allow a cell to become cancerous.
A gene mutation can instruct a healthy cell to:
  • Allow rapid growth. As cells grow and divide more rapidly, this creates many new cells that all have that same mutation.
  • Fail to stop uncontrolled cell growth. Normal cells know when to stop growing, so that you have just the right number of each type of cell. Cancer cells lose the control (tumor suppressor genes) that tell them when to stop growing. A alteration in a tumor suppressor gene allows cancer cells to continue growing.
  • Making mistakes when repairing DNA errors. DNA repair genes, look for errors in a cell's DNA and make required corrections. A mutation in a DNA repair gene may mean that other errors are not corrected, leading cells to become cancerous.
These mutations are the most common ones found in cancer. But many other gene mutations can contribute to causing cancer.
Cancer Treatment in India



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Kidney cancer is a cancer which starts in the kidneys. The cancer starts when the cells in the body begin to grow out of control. The cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer and spread to other areas of the body.
Pancreas Transplant Surgery in India
Pancreas Transplant Surgery in India:
A pancreas transplant is a surgical procedure that is used to replace, mostly, a type 1 diabetic person's pancreas with healthy pancreas harvested from a donor.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment

What Is Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia?
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow — the spongy tissue inside bones where blood cells are made.

The word “acute" in acute lymphocytic leukemia comes from the fact that the disease progresses rapidly and creates immature blood cells, rather than mature ones. The word “lymphocytic" in acute lymphocytic leukemia refers to the white blood cells called lymphocytes, which ALL affects. Acute lymphocytic leukemia is also known as acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Acute lymphocytic leukemia is the most common type of cancer in children, and treatments result in a good chance for a cure. Acute lymphocytic leukemia can also occur in adults, though the chance of a cure is greatly reduced.

To get free no obligation Quote on Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment in India : click here
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For more information please contact us at
Email: care@surgerytoursindia.com
Phone: +91-888 292 1234 / +91-9730 001 540

Cancer Surgery Treatment in India - Surgery Tours India

Low Cost Herniated Disc Surgery India

What Is herniated Disk Surgery?

A herniated disk is the problem with one of the disks that act as cushions between individual vertebrae that comprises to make the spine. A spinal disk has a soft center encased within a tough exterior. A herniated disk occurs when some of the soft part pushes out through a crack in the tougher exterior. A Spinal Disk Herniation can irritate adjacent nerves and cause pain, numbness or weakness in an arm or leg. Some people also experience no symptoms from a herniated disk, and most people who have a herniated disk don't need surgery to rectify the problem.

Symptoms of a Herniated Disc?

Not all herniated disc patients have symptoms
  • When a slipped disc presses against the spinal nerves, the person feels pain, numbness, tingling, or muscle weakness.
  • The pressure the herniated disc on the spinal nerves determines how bad the symptoms will be.
  • Otherwise harmless actions like laughing, coughing, sneezing, urinating, or even straining while defecating can worsen the pain caused due to a herniated disc.
Most slipped discs cause back and leg pain
  • Acute pain radiates through the disc to the buttocks and down the leg to the foot. It is called sciatica.
  • Intense pain below the knee is a common of a bulging disc, since other spine problems don't usually cause pain below the knee.
  • A herniated lower disc can weaken the legs and cause trouble lifting the front of foot off the ground.
Herniated discs also occur in the neck

  • They cause pain in one arm, beginning with the armpit and upper shoulder blade and travelling down the arm to one or two fingers.
  • The discomfort can also be felt in the upper middle back and be mistaken for other conditions. The muscles in the arm weaken making it hard to move the fingers.
  • Pressure on nerves at the bottom of the spinal cord can cause loss of bladder or bowel control, both the signs of severe nerve pressure.
  • These symptoms, or loss of muscle function in the leg, are signs of a medical urgency. In rare cases, a ruptured disc in the neck can cause complete paralysis.
Low Cost Herniated Disc Surgery India



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Bone Marrow Transplantation India

What is Bone Marrow?

A part of bones called “bone marrow” create blood cells. Marrow is the soft, spongy tissue inside your bones. Bone marrow produces blood cells called “hematopoietic” stem cells. These cells will develop into many different kinds of cells. They can turn into more bone marrow cells. Or they can turn into any type of blood cell.
Certain cancers and different types of diseases keep hematopoietic stem cells from developing normally. If they’re not normal, neither are the blood cells that they make. A stem cell transplant provides you new stem cells. The new stem cells can make new, healthy blood cells. It creates the following parts of the blood.
  1. Red Blood Cells: which carry oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.
  2. White Blood Cells: which fight infection.
  3. Platelets: which are responsible for the formation of clots.
What is a Bone Marrow Transplant?

Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) is a special therapy for patients with certain cancers or other diseases. A Bone marrow transplant involves taking cells that are normally found in the bone marrow (stem cells), filtering those cells, and giving them back either to the donor (patient) or to another person. The goal of BMT is to transfuse healthy bone marrow cells into a person after his or her own unhealthy bone marrow has been treated to kill the abnormal cells.
A bone marrow transplant, also called a stem cell transplant, is a treatment for some types of cancer. For example, you might have one if you have leukemia, multiple myeloma, or some types of lymphoma. Doctors also treat some blood diseases with stem cell transplants.
What Diseases can be treated by Bone Marrow Transplant?
A bone marrow transplant, also called a blood stem cell transplant or BMT, can treat many diseases. For some diseases, BMT is the only potential cure. There are over 70 diseases that can be treated by BMT. Some of them are listed here.
Patients undergo transplant for a wide variety of malignant and non-malignant conditions including:
Malignant conditions

Hematologic Malignancies

  1. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
  2. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
  3. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
  4. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
  5. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Solid Tumors

  1. Neuroblastoma
  2. Brain tumors
  3. Ewing sarcoma
  4. Rhabdomyosarcoma
Non-Malignant Conditions
Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes
  1. Aplastic anemia
  2. Fanconi Anemia
Hemoglobinopathies
  1. Sickle cell anemia
  2. Thalassemia
Primary Immune Deficiencies
  1. Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID)
  2. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
  3. Chronic Granulomatous Disease
  4. Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
  5. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Bone Marrow Transplant Surgery India With BMT Abroad

VSD Closure Surgery India

What is VSD (ventricular septal defect)?

A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a type of birth defect (congenital condition) which results in the development of a hole in the wall separating the two lower chambers (ventricular chambers) of the heart. This wall of membranous tissue and inferior muscles is known as the ventricular septum and the hole is more commonly seen in the membranous portion of the septum (chamber wall).

What are the signs and symptoms of a Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)?

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is mostly a congenital (birth) defect that is seen in infants around a few weeks after birth.
Some of the signs and symptoms seen in a developing VSD include pansystolic murmur in the lower left sterna border, troubled blood flow, irregular heartbeat as well as pulmonary hypertension as a result of increase in the blood flow. Eisenmenger's syndrome may also be caused which results in the pressure to increase in the pulmonary vascular bed.
The cause of most cases of VSD is related to a pre-existence of Down syndrome which increases the risk even further of developing VSD. In case the child suffers from a myocardial infarction (heart attack) which causes the septal wall to tear and the scar tissue forms because the macrophages are unable to repair the dead tissues.

What is the Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) closure procedure?

Many cases where the septal wall develops a smaller sized hole do not need to be treated as it repairs itself after a few years without causing adverse affects in the meanwhile.
Surgical intervention procedure is required in case of VSDs when:
  • Medications fail to treat congestive cardiac failure.
  • Pulmonic stenosis is caused due to VSD.
  • Pulmonary hypertension occurs due to a larger sized VSD.
  • Aortic regurgitation is seen as a result of VSD.
VSD Closure Surgery India


VSD Closure Surgery in India | Surgery Tours India

Multiple Myeloma Treatment India

Multiple Myeloma Treatment in India

About Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is the second most common type of blood cancer. Also known as Myeloma, it starts in the plasma cells of the bone marrow. Plasma cells are short lived antibody (protein) producing cells, derived from a type of white blood cell (B-Lymphocyte). They make different forms of proteins (antibody) that helps fight infection. Malignant transformation of plasma cells results in defective and abnormal single protein formation called monoclonal or M protein. When plasma cells become cancerous and grow out of control, they produce a tumor called plasmacytoma. If someone has only a single plasma cell tumor, the disease is called solitary plasmacytoma or if someone has more than one plasmacytoma, it is called multiple myeloma.

Risk Factors:

There is no exact cause known for the disease. However there are few risk factors associated with increased risk of multiple myeloma, these include:
  • Age factor: More common in elder people.
  • Gender: Males are more likely to get multiple myeloma than female.
  • Family History: If someone is having family history of multiple myeloma, he or she is 4 times more likely to develop multiple myeloma compared to others.
  • Though not proved, but People who have suffered from some kind of injury are also prone to get multiple myeloma.
  • Few other plasma cell diseases like solitary plasmacytoma or Monoclonoal gamopathy of unknown significance are associated with high risk for developing multiple myeloma.





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Testicular Cancer Treatment India

Testicles Cancer

Testicle (testicular) cancer is a comparatively rare type of cancer that affects the testicles in men. The testicle (testes) is located in a loose bag of skin called the 'scrotum' which is situated under the penis. The cancer in the testicles can affect the production of important male sex hormones and sperm in men as well as spread (metastasize) to other surrounding organs in the body.

Testicular cancer is highly treatable even in the event that it has spread to other parts of the body. There are several forms of treatments for testicular cancer and the surgeon/doctor will decide on the best form of treatment for your individual case depending on the type of testicle cancer, its stage, etc.

What are the signs and symptoms of Testicle Cancer?

These are the commonly seen signs and symptoms which usually indicate towards the development of testicle cancer:
  • Lump/bump in either testicle
  • Heaviness felt in scrotum
  • Dull ache in groin/abdomen
  • Sudden fluid accumulation in the scrotum
  • Discomfort/pain in a testicle or the scrotum
  • Back pain
Testicular cancer is known to normally affect one testicle at a time.


In case you notice any of the above signs and symptoms it is advisable to consult your trusted physician/doctor so that they may perform a complete diagnosis and determine the presence of testicular cancer. Testicular cancer is highly treatable if the patient gets adequate and prompt treatment at the right time.

To get free no obligation Quote on Testicular Cancer Treatment In India : click here
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Testicular Cancer Treatment India


Testicular Cancer Treatment In India - Signs And Symptoms,Causes,Diagnosed

Ovarian Cancer Treatment India

What is Ovarian cancer ?

Ovarian Cancer is one of the most prevalent types of Cancer affecting several women around the world. It starts in the ovaries, which are the reproductive glands found only in females. One ovary is found on each side of the uterus. The ovaries produce eggs or ova that are helpful for reproduction. These eggs pass through the fallopian tubes into the uterus where the fertilized egg gets implanted and grows to become a foetus. The ovaries are also the primary source of the female hormones known as estrogens and progesterone.

Types of ovarian cancer

The ovaries are made up of three kinds of cells and each kind of cell can develop into a different sort of tumor:
  • Epithelial tumors - Initiate from the cells that cover the exterior part of the ovary and maximum ovarian tumors are epithelial cell tumors.
  • Germ cell tumors - These start from the cells that facilitate the production of the eggs or ova.
  • Stromal tumors - These tumours develop from the structural tissue cells, which are responsible for holding this crucial organ together. These cells are responsible for the production of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone.
Largely, these tumors are benign or non-cancerous and never spread or invade into the other areas apart from the ovary. These tumors can be cured by the removal of either the ovary or the specific part of the ovary that is affected by the tumor. Cancerous or low malignant ovarian tumors can spread to other areas of the body leading to fatal outcomes.

There are many causes behind the occurrence and development of this disease like age, family history, history of pregnancy, birth control pills, infertility or treatment of infertility, Breast Cancer, Hormone Therapy, obesity or being overweight, etc.

However, the development of this Cancer can be kept at bay, it you are aware of these signs and symptoms:

1. Uneasy or painful intercourse: This is also known as Dyspareunia, is an early sign of Ovarian Cancer. If there is a tumour in or around the Ovarian area, then the intercourse process can be very painful; leading to vaginal bleeding as well. This also, may be a sign of Cervical Cancer or Sexually Transmitted Diseases.

2. Abdominal or Pelvic Pain: The development of a tumor in an ovary can lead to serious pelvic or abdominal pain because the tumor can exert pressure on and around the nearby areas. So, if aged 50 or older, and are going through a lot of pain in the abdominal area the surely it needs medical attention. Specifically, younger women should consult a doctor if experiencing pelvic pain on times other than monthly menstrual cycle.

3. Abdominal bloating: If you are witnessing symptoms like bloating, gas, heartburn, indigestion, or nausea, or if you are feeling that your clothes are feeling tighter specifically in the waist and hips areas, then you need to be aware that these are symptoms that something may be wrong in your ovaries.


4. Frequent need to urinate: Urinary changes happen due to the constant pressure from the tumour or from the fluid in the abdomen that develops due to the tumour. You may face a frequent urge to urinate, bladder incontinence or blood in the urine.


Ovarian Cancer Treatment India


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Ovarian Cancer Treatment and Surgery in India at Affordable Prices

Total Shoulder Replacement Surgery

Total Shoulder Replacement Arthroplasty is a very well established surgical procedure for restoring comfort & function in patients with arthritic shoulders. Arthritic ball is replaced by a smooth metallic ball which is fixed to humerus (arm bone) by a stem which fits in it during this procedure. Arthritic glenoid (socket) is also resurfaced as part of this procedure with high-density polyethylene prosthesis. Among different types of surgical options which are available for arthritis shoulders, this procedure seems to provide the most rapid & complete improvement & which is comfortable & functional for patients with arthritis in shoulders. Success will however require technical excellence of surgery & patient's commitment to exercise program until desired range of motion can be comfortably achieved.

Key Parts of the Normal Shoulder Joint

Humeral head or the ball fits within the socket called glenoid & which is held there by the rotator cuff.

What is Shoulder Arthritis?

Arthritis of the shoulder is a condition where previous surgery, inflammation, injury or degeneration destroys the normally smooth cartilage lining the ball (humeral head) & the socket (glenoid).

Diagnosing Shoulder Arthritis

Carefully standardized x-rays generally reveal loss of space between glenoid & the humeral head, which is normally occupied by cartilage, leaving bone upon bone contact.

Total Shoulder Replacement Arthroplasty Procedure

In a total shoulder replacement arthroplasty procedure, the arthritic ball is replaced with a metal ball along with a stem which is press fit inside the humerus or arm bone so that only the smooth surface is extending from the bone. The socket which takes in this ball is also resurfaced with high density polyethylene component. This operation is usually performed under influence of a regional or general anesthetic. Approach to the joint is made possible through an incision made between the pectoralis major muscles & deltoid on the front of the shoulder. This also includes release of contractures & adhesions along with removal of bone spurs which may be blocking range of motion. For this operation, services of an operating team are required, which includes anesthesiologists, orthopedic surgeons & surgical assistants who normally perform this operation in less than two hours of time.
  • Fixing the Humeral Component in Humerus
While there are some surgeons who prefer cementing the humeral component, others use implants which foster bone growth along the stem. Both these approaches can eventually stiffen the bone in order to make it more likely to fracture in a fall & also greatly complicating revision surgery in case that may become necessary in future. In order to overcome these issues, some surgeons prefer fixing the component by impaction grafting inside humerus by using healthy bone, which is recently harvested during the procedure from humeral head which was removed, until a tight press fit of implant is achieved.
  • Fixing the Glenoid Component to Glenoid Bone

Bone of glenoid is precisely shaped with glenoid reamer & then the glenoid component is secured with a combination of cementing & press fitting. Patients must however maintain range of motion achieved during surgery with simple & frequent stretching exercises in order to promote proper healing of the replaced shoulder joint. Exercises for rehabilitation are started immediately following surgery by using continuous stretching & passive motion by the patient. Attaining & maintaining a minimum of 150 degrees of forward elevation is critical to success of total shoulder replacement surgery. Supine stretch & forward lean can be very helpful in attaining these results & maintaining the range of motion which is attained.

Total Shoulder Replacement Surgery

To get free no obligation Quote on Total Shoulder Replacement in India : click here
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Total Shoulder Replacement Surgery in India | Surgery Tours India

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