Kidney Transplantation is basically a surgical intervention which is performed to place a kidney either from a live or deceased donor into a patient whose kidneys do not any longer function properly. Kidneys are organs which remove excessive fluid & waste from blood. When kidneys lose ability to filter, dangerous levels of waste & fluid accumulate within the body. This condition is usually known as end-stage kidney disease or more commonly as kidney failure. Kidney transplantation is most often the best treatment solution for kidney failure. Since a person can comfortably live on a single kidney, only one donated kidney is required in order to replace two failed kidneys & which therefore conveniently makes living-donor kidney transplant a viable option. However, in case a compatible living donor is not available for kidney transplantation, the patient's name is usually placed on a kidney transplantation waiting list so as to receive a kidney from deceased donors. This wait usually takes a few years of time. Moreover, since organ transplantation is generally placed under regulation across the world, each country can be having a different set of laws governing them.
Why Undergo Kidney Transplantation
Kidney transplantation is normally used as treatment for end-stage kidney disease (kidney failure) which is a condition where the patient's kidneys can only function at a fraction of its normal capacity. Generally, people with kidney failure either need to have the wastes removed from blood stream through dialysis or undergo kidney transplantation in order to stay alive.
Causes of End-Stage Kidney Disease
Common causes of kidney failure or end-stage kidney disease include the following.
- Chronic or uncontrolled high blood pressure
- Diabetes
- Polycystic Kidney Disease
- Chronic Glomerulonephritis - Inflammation & eventual scarring of tiny filters within the patients kidneys (glomeruli)
Quite often it is possible to manage kidney disease with diet, medication & treatments for underlying causes. However, despite these steps if kidneys still cannot filter adequate blood, such patients may be good candidates for kidney transplantation.
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Risks & Complications Associated with Kidney Transplantation
Kidney transplantation surgery carries certain amount of significant complications including the following.
- Infection
- Bleeding
- Blood Clots
- Leakage or blockage of ureter tube which links the kidney to the bladder
- Rejection of donated kidney
- Failure of donated kidney
- Infection or cancer which is transmitted through donated kidney
- Heart Attack, Stroke of Death
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